About : standard furniture madison square upholstered bed
Title : standard furniture madison square upholstered bed
standard furniture madison square upholstered bed
thank you megan for that lovely and generous introduction i'mreally pleased to be with everyone here today and it's really been a fantastic and productiveweek here in nashville working on the installation of the wiener wekstatte postcards exhibition. i've greatly enjoyed my time spent working alongside various colleagues here at the frist and would like to extend aspecial thanks, um, first and foremost to the director,susan edwards, who had the foresight to
reach out to us and the leonard lauder office to workon this collaboration together. to everyone on the curatorial side, markscala, trinita kennedy and katie delmez. um, on the registrarial and exhibitions team we had the great pleasure workingclosely with richard feaster, scott tome, michael brickner on and certainly my other curatorialcolleague, silvia barisione and linda clich, it's always a pleasureto work with you both and i have enjoyed all of our time collaborating. andfinally
there have been so many other peoplehere at the frist who've made our visit very hospitable and gracious. it certainly speaks to thesouthern hospitality that i feel so proud of as a nativesoutherner myself. so thank you to everyone who i did notmention but has been part of this wonderful collaboration. so as megan said, my talk accompanies the exhibition openingtoday to the public, postcards of the wiener werkstatte. and the wiener werkstatte, or vienna workshops was an arts and crafts collaborative thatexisted
from 1903 until 1932. and as many have already commented it isquite fitting that it exhibition on postcards is being held in this wonderful art decobuilding, the former main post office for nashville. the wiener wekstatte ironically wentbankrupt just at the same time that this building was being made, um, the workshops closed sadly in 1932 after their nearly thirty yearsexistence, so there is some sort of
irony i think that they were ending justas this incredible space was going up. i will begin by briefly examining where and when postcards originated in all set the stage bybriefly looking at the austro-hungarian empire in fun to see if the vienna thispolyglot empire in fact was teeming with cultural talentand gave rise to a true renaissance in many fields certainlyloss of the sciences arts architecture and design and itprovided the ideal setting for the rise radical modern movement that was fullyembodied in the birth to vienna
secession and shortly thereafter the never cheateditself postcards were produced by the university for nearly a dozen years improved to be one of themost popular products that they created they were affordable exemplars up designand truly suitable for any occasion and i will i'm give you kind of a quicksurvey at the wide variety of subjects that they covered and also discuss some the artist behindthese inventive designs almost 150 years ago the first widelycirculated postcard was
issued by the austro-hungarian empire itwas dubbed the correspondents carter and it was basically a letter telegramthe words correspondents carter you can see at the top were printedabove the implement the empire the double-headed eagle on a very thin piece creamcardstock that measured in half by 12 points to centimeters very close to the threeand a half by five inch size that we are accustomed totoday in space was provided here on the card beneath that name and theemblem for the address of the recipient
conveniently these cards came prestamped with the necessary postage to kreitzer and the stamping featured the headed thein performance yourself they're still up the card had blankspace where a message on could be written and alsowith the short notice releasing the post office for from our responsibility for the contentscontained therein suspect it was added by the legalcounsel on the correspondents card in fact provedto be wildly successful
with an estimated nine million carts allthe first year alone and it was hailed as a triumph ofdemocracy really because it brought postal services within the reach up the masses by dramatically reducingthe cost of postage and also by ensuring a uniform rate justas the poster rates today cost to male letter card previouslywould have been determined by the distance it was being sent and by its weight on and has been hashas been mentioned in some other tours that have taken place in conjunctionwith the show
the spurs cards had no decoration otherthan that emblem so they were very plain this slide i think need to no explanation butreally to try to provide a context for you know what the postcard was thoughtabout when it was first created i'm it's very much like a text messagethat you might send to a friend on the family member on or like any sortof social media missives so a post on facebook instagramtwitter these were swift and concise ways tocommunicate and share information and this is how postcards for ininitially received
and accepted austrian economists emanuelherrmann is widely credited with inventing thepostcard he studied law at the university cnn so i told you there was a lawyerinvolved in this equation and after graduation he injured civilservice career working as a professor economics at vienna's institute oftechnology in january 1869 e publishing article industry's leading newspaperclipping do is try oppressor or the gnu free press where herecommended that all envelope size cards with 20 were to last so again like ittweet almost
should only cost two kritzer and regularletter posted at this time was by petes or so that meant it was less than half what it would have cost for a typicalletter he argued the rebbe economic advantages to releasing suchoccurred and essentially the austro-hungarianpostmaster general agreed with him embrace the idea and byoctober it that you the first correspondence cards wereproduced by the austro-hungarian empire they could be delivered anywhere withinthe empire irrespective distance for that to craterprice
and after not too long to 20 workminimum was dropped now i should mention that herman's roleas the in ventura postcard has been contestedby sun there were proposals in other countriessuch as germany to offer a postcard type mail service prior to this time and in fact privately printed postcardshad been in circulation since at least the eighteen sixties andsome might even point2 early examples in france from the leeeighteenth-century but these were typically produced bybusinesses as means
advertisement but what hair make itcertainly be credit for is the notion that a government should releases cardsat a standard size and with the pre-printed postageincorporated therein a clearly austro-hungarian governmentthought that he had a seminal role in the suspension is it released thisjubilee card on the twenty-fifth anniversary up therelease of the correspondents card sure their i'm new here meant article and therelease of these first government issue cards
had white reaching and quick rippleeffects in great britain to on magazines thejournal arts and the manufacturing builder very soon after this article research wasreleased covered this new postage style writing and here i quote theaustrian government has introduced a novelty in postage which might beintroduced with great benefit in all countries the object is to enable persons to sendoff with the least possible trouble messages small importance with out thetrouble obtaining
papers pens in envelopes cards a fixedsize are sold it all place post offices for only two kreitzer onesighting for the address the other for the note which may bewritten either in inc or with any kind of pencil these arethrown into a box and delivered without loops half pennypost this kind would certainly be veryconvenient especially large towns an amended business carrying a few suchcards is pocketbook would find that veryuseful there is an additional advantage attaching to the car day without ithaving the address in postmark
inseparably affixed to the note intoquote by 1870 and just as the journalist had urged in fact postcards were availablein various parts of germany but without the prefix stamp in britain and switzerland by 1871 other countries have followedsuit including belgium the netherlands denmark sweden norwayand canada and by the mid eighteen seventies manyother countries have jumped on including russia chile france algeriaspain
serbia media and italy now the us was also in early adopter postcard as early as february 1861 the uscongress permitted mailing privately printed cards thatwade one accounts for less for up to fifteen hundred miles for onlyone cent and larger distances required to censor postage so being very entrepreneurialsociety john carlton obtained copyright andsensing an opportunity to produce privately printed postcardsbut he soon sold that copyright
to on hp litman who began producing andselling postal cards and you can see an exampleof that at the top which he called whitman'spostal cards these were non pictorial in postage did have to be added by thesender many do you consider let me to be the father of the modern postcardbecause he predates manual herrmann by eight years but reallyregardless of who deserves credit by 1873 to you s government followed inthe footsteps of its european counterparts and began issuing these governmentissued cards with the postage
pre-fixed we see an example that at thebottom now initially postcards were limited todomestic distribution but soon it became evident there was tremendous need anddemand for this type of communication to beinternational and also for the need for it to beregulated the universal postal union was formed in the mid 1870s an international delivery a postcardsoon became possible by 1870 8 the headset the standard size for postcards which isthat three-and-a-half by five
centimeters and that is the size at most to theuniversity postcards that you'll see in the exhibition upstairs except for the oversized courage forexample and by 1886 it was agreed that postcards could be circulatedinternationally and of course with that possibilitythere was greater to manage now kind of simultaneous withthe rise deregulation postcards on it also theagreement that they could be distributed on across national borders the week'sstart to see dramatic changes in how
postcards appeared so images begin to be added as wellimparted this has to do with on dramatic changes in printingcapabilities and technologies so the first post cards formonochromatic so you would have images often produce to aprinting process perhaps from photograph that had been reproduces aphotograph we're but with no collar on incorporated inthe card but with advances in the 1890s we startto see the rise in cromwell lithography so color could be incorporated on in thedesigns as well
in many of these were really intended toadvertise world's fairs or national expositions or importance inon people's lives and also businesses certainly recognizethe possibilities these type that illustrated pushcarts asquick in inexpensive ways to advertise theirproducts to now been near our focus to theaustro-hungarian empire habsburg rule began in central europe inthe late 13th century from 1804 into 1867 this region wasknown as simply the austrian empire but following the austro-hungariancompromise of 1867 it became
a dual monarchy with hungry retaining adegree of self-governance and at one point in fact theaustro-hungarian empire spanned 20 percent european was the second largesteuropean country behind the russian empire the end it was by 1900 the fourth largest capital ineurope i'm just behind london paris and berlinbut despite the sort of distinguished on nature a bit size on in prominence it was in many waysprovincial the free sky is really quite clinically
were imperial and royal was applied tothe joint monarchy that was held between austria and hungary and this got quickly abbreviated becausegerman richard often very long on a day like these little abbreviationso cotton call you often see arm attached to thenames businesses that might make clothes forthe court or pastry or whatever it might be and that would even be furtherabbreviated use kharkov which some led the writer robert musil to markthis abbreviation
on me coming up with the work iconia todescribe the imperial empire on many uses in his novel the manwithout qualities as a way to sort of poke fun at the bureaucratic and highly stratified society that existed underhabsburg rule now the in for france yasser i'm assume this road 1848 he was only 18 years old and he remained there untilhis death in 1960 so just before the end of world warone and in many ways he rebar embodied thereluctance
by some to embrace change he resided inthe imperial hofer can you see if you have that on the right which is situated in theheart at the 1st district and it was the seat of habsburg powerfor more than six centuries and today it functions largely as amuseum space in fact the cc museum is located i'm in hartford nowthe governor on sorry in for governed in multi-ethnicnation with a blend western in eastern cultural traditionswhere at least 10 languages were spoken including germanhungarian czech
and slovak and this nation would betransformed under his rule despite his hesitationsto some degree now his old fashion preferences met thatin some ways the empire on did like behind its europeancounterparts and just give some examples who is personal tastes he favored sleeping on it iron bed hisentire life and also favored simple fair even thoughwe could've obviously a forty any kind of food that he wanted so his favorite meal was said to bepoint beef beer
fact heroes at 4 a.m. every day quickly set to work as you can imaginethere were tremendous amounts have legislation and other on matters thathad to be addressed by him personally we also know that he poured modernarchitecture for those of you who might have been to the whole furger similarwith the n/a just across from the hope bergen 1909 ona close and constructed oversaw the constructionwhat is known as the house on the killer parts which is a lavish up building in termsof its marble
ornamentation with green and gold on materials being used on the facade but without any at the ornamentaldecoration that we see on the front up the on hold berg itself and theimprove was said to have absolutely detest to this building andrefused to leave the hopper their after during his lifetime but thisparticular interest that we see great here so he made his unhappiness known quitestrongly at the inn for was one of only twopeople
that were honored by being depicted onuniversity postcards the only other person who appeared on apostcard was the architect on a wagner who ironically is creditedby many as the father of modern architecture in vienna so that is quite bizarre that they wouldon the one hand honor this you know father figure forthe nation but on the other hand honor the person that they saw is reallyassuring in the modern age for that modern art and design these are twodesigns that were created by used day becky onthat were produced in nineteen oh wait
in combination with the 60th jubileeyear diamond jubilee in celebration of funds yourselves ruleand we can see with these cards at these have a rather postage stamp play qualityso very few colors are incorporated and the one on the left certainly looklike they could be two miniature postage stamps or just put on these decorative backgrounds on the card on the left was so appealing at least at the time thatit was created that day mom which is one of the mostpopular bakery and confectionery stores indiana to this day and it's a factsituated just around the corner from the
habsburg use this card on 10 hits candy boxes andeffect a mile also continues to reprint some at theuniversity postcard designs and fixes them two boxes chocolates andcandies so really these continue to have apopularity and life spent more than a hundred years after they were created day that he had moved to vienna fromhungry so it shows kinda that read that the realm when he was a childand he said he painting at vienna's academy of fine arts and also tookclasses at the quince commercial or
school applied arts where he met artists whowere affiliated with any overtures deter and soon he was contributing graphicdesigns are only to the workshops but to other companies indiana and heoffered more than 50 postcard designs onto the converged data including hissome examples that were made for the tripoli but he also designed fashion postcardsand some others are on view obscures as well as cards for childrenand holiday-themed cards now in 1857 theimperf runs joseph
on deep ordered the destruction at thecity's medieval wall so that to show him sorted emerging to somedegree from his more conservative mindset and this a medieval wall wasn't a shipfortification that have been established to protect vienna from on such from the turks and othercountries and the wall was replaced with a grand boulevard encircling the inner city known as thering structuring street and it remains i think for the mostattractive boulevards
in the nation's capital even now when upbetween 1860 in 1890 and was lined with neil hisstore sis structures in various styles includingyour gothic near renaissance in new york roque there was no coherentbuilding program on for the structures and many architects including on awagner use apartment and others saw these faux store sis styles as falsefor their time in argued that it would have been betterif buildings had gone up took into account the way that peopletruly live today but it is a metaphor for the viennesepreoccupation with
outward appearances that extended reallyto all classes and walks life as the protective wall wasdismantled older structures in many cases weredestroyed to make way for the new and i would say this in some ways kplace gave way to some early preservationists oninklings indiana because some at the artistsassociated with the universe such as such as it'll build turkey's a better made these postcards the reallyhighlight the beauty up these on medieval structures on which had torip
made up the inner-city vienna and sum upthe outskirts and i think because up the efforts %uhkeys over to end this for talking for almost outta who were trying to document the way thatvienna has existed for more than five centuries not all thesebuildings were torn down and in fact you can still see somebody'si'm kinda were in kabul lined streets if you walk through particularly the 1stdistrict even now now vienna experienced remarkable growth really at the dawn ofthe century and attracted citizens from throughoutthe entire in fact the population
expanded dramatically in a 50-yearperiod from 1850 to 1900 increasing from over 1/2 sorry fromhalf-a-million inhabitants to nearly two million duringthat time on and as i said what's really fantasticis with the rise of photography we also seethe artists working on the postcards that we're trying to on documents fromthe dramatic changes that the city was experiencing is among those whoclamored against his tauruses architecture that was going up in thering strossen other places where groupid youngarchitects and designers
who didn't want to bring majority to thenation's capital and i would argue and i'm not alone inthis that maturity did come to the end with the founding upthe vienna secession more properly known as the austrianassociation of the united artis it was established 1897 under theleadership with clint and we see him there what is ubiquitouspeter sparks on the right the secession our membersincluded not only painters but also architects applied artists graphic designers really
um anyone who had studied at either theacademy of fine arts at the school applied arts in nissan young nannygate equal value toboth the fine and decorative arts which was novel idea at this time the notion thatthe substance for total were covered in which all elements within a spaceportexhibition hall house rumor even a theatrical piece with worktogether in harmony incoherent once said a call was aguiding principle for the secession
in and later for the thing ever cheated theindustrialists and major on art collector called it can shine whowas father looted beacon china philosopher largely financed the construction up thegroup's first building which we see on the left which was designed by architect josephmaria ok rick with collaboration from column a knows her who was agraphic in fashion designer who would go on to be a pager
the building with up in six months andwas completed in 1898 it was dubbed a temple to art and was one of the first modernbuildings to be erected indiana and many saw it really as a reactionagainst those focused or sister i'll structures the hit show earlier in the exhibition in the casecalled collectors albums you can find 3 postcards aboutthe vienna secession to showing exterior views and one view awondershare exhibitions featuring paintings bygustav klimt now reactions to the
secession were quite mixed it was quickly dubbed by some pickledcabbage because at the top there you can see distortedguilt in trust me it's guilt a couple other was made of laurel leavesthat were pierced on there were more sarcastic nickname soone was monies to meh another critic called it an assyrianouthouse i'm someone else said that it looks like a cross between a glasshouse in a blastfurnace on so peter people were quite sure howto react to this very blocky building
unworthy only ornamentation that youreally see on the facade is applied to the surfaceincident being sculptural three-dimensional motifs that are really part overtraditional classical style architecture and in fact the groupitself even proudly proclaims its difference onon the side just above the doorway and it exists there today was thegroup's motto which had been provided by critically the cava see which was due cited aquince to consider freiheit
or two every h its art into are itsfreedom and this is still very prominent orexhibiting hall to this day in actually functions quite well now themen who form the session had several goals for their organization they on put place primary emphasis onthe static the installations they wanted paintingsto be hung at i level rather than stack salon style such asyou see in this interior view they also argued forprogressive
approach particular in comparison to theconcert house arkansas house condition chopped the austrian artists cooperative whichhave been established in on early 1861 and all the members at theconcert house were men and it was a very private andconservative group that really had very strong ideas about the art that could be shown in their spacesand because some of the younger members to the concert house that were centeredaround clint objected to their intolerance inconsidering any modern ideas
and the lack of cohesion in itsexhibitions or the consideration given to a steady exit its displays they decided they reallyneeded to break away and formed their own are exhibition space so as i had said really with the secession vienna entersthe modern age just on the cops costs that the new century i'm get aimto the session members in to make the in amore cosmopolitan partly by exhibiting work from othereuropean countries
but also by providing a place for notonly artist could see work either fellow colleagues but also werecollectors and the public would have the chance to see leadingdevelopments from other nations diversity session exhibition wasactually not held in this session building because it was not yetcompleted so they've rented space in the vienna for tue cultural society which was located just off the secessionin the show took place between march in june and notably the in for on frenchjoseph came himself not quite sure how he reacted on but wedo know that some critics were very
favorable in clearly a lot of on museum colleagues collectors and otherswere quite taken because of the more than 500 works onview more than half of them souls and i can say that a number at these didenter the collection at the museum of applied arts vienna and they have some of them on you now soit was a way for them all set to begin to acquire things for their holdings and toshow the students at the school with the
play darts what their counterparts in other nationswere making now fortunately reactions to thesessions exhibitions were more favorable than to the building thesession played a seminal in defining role in fact in the shape of modernism in austria in the early 20th century andin the years that clinton his colleagues were affiliated with the secession they held twenty three major exhibitionsin those for seven years included a wide range work everythingfrom
on the left and showing pages from 8p.m. a secession exhibition held in 1800 which was largely devotedto contemporary decorative arts but they were fine arts on display as well primarily works fromthe arts and crafts movement were included in this exhibition but they also hold shows on art nouveauor you can steal on style works as well aspost-impressionist paintings from france italy and other countries as well as exhibitions devoted to thearts japan
which did proved to be highlyinfluential too graphic design in particular at this period in many countries nowdespite this is sessions commercial and critical success it was not without scandal and in factschedule from the very beginning almost because with clips first poster designon critics said it was indecent it depicted a scene from greekmythology showing theseus slaying the minuter which she chose verydeliberately to symbolize the struggle up in new generation in revolt againstthe owns
but the sensors did not approve thiswork because clinton had portrayed pcs in the news and they said that shecould not release this poster publicly like that so clint addedthe street ranks are actually seeing the censored version up the poster but there are raresurvivals at the uncensored version i mean we sometimes show both of themside by side a roadshow wonder show the other but that the poster then was releasedany borrowed elements from the design for the
on catalog cover for the first viennasecession exhibition and you can see in the pos car showupstairs how this motif was also used for one issue up there sa chrome members at the vienna secession alsodesigned a series of postcards including the one show that the rightand we have to have those urges postcards up in the exhibition is well and as these items to test the secessionfavored artistically designed graphics only posters catalogs magazines and postcards but the release all thisis part of the entire
isn't conspirator program up thesecession and many of these works i'm you'll notice maybe it's not soevident in this in the slides on perhaps you can seegustav klimt's name is there at the bottom of that one and you will see in summer the postcardseither the artist's name is written out to their initials are incorporated so this demonstrates thatfor them they did view these as works a fine art and that they werevery proud apiece designs and these attitudes would be carriedover on went deep in your sis
been birch said it was established i'mjust a few years after the founding at the secession so shortly after the first session exhibition in fact a home group up 12artist postcards a quince for postcards was releasing 1898 loser produced by theour printer girl i can shake on by designs members of the secessionon these were these designs were provided notonly by architectures apartment column in moserhas already mentioned but alford roller it off phone and useit rio prick
all who would be involved to do with theberkshire or we could go on to work with the darmstadt colony i'm so another very important arts groupat the time and i just would draw your attention tothe fact that if you think about other postcards you might have seen fromthe early 19th or 20th century how here there's tremendous emphasisgiven on the statics the postcard so graphicelements are very carefully laid-out typography is chosen to sort it workwith the visual image it's not just blocks answer lettering orsomething like that
but it's really carefully place in insum up the cards from this concert postcard series there's even traumatic areas a blank space left on which hecould read as a place that the sender might and newtor maybe just as kind of a visual cause on that was part of thedesigners concept these artists in fact have priorexperience working in the postcard median that be because before the session has beenestablished they were parted kinda coffee house club in vienna knownas these even a clubber club 7
and they would meet together on for anumber of years i'm sure talking about their plans before they finally gotfired up and decided to establish the secession and they frequentlycommunicated about their ideas by sending postcards to each other withthese quick sketches i'm in notes and in and you can seethere what i mean about how they would use that like space aunt to workto their effort there benefit with the design thecard now we're the most successful examples aartist design postcards and one that in fact made two-career
in many ways a german painter milneolder in terms of giving him his start was his group of so-called now checkmountain postcards and these were inspired by hisexperiences walking in the swiss alps and based on that he had submitted somesketches to a munich-based for journal known asyou can or the use and somebody's designed to reproduce inthe magazine these humorous works quickly found anaudience in all to capitalize on this interest by treating colorless a graphicpostcards that were adaptations at these paintings and they were printedin large print runs it said over a
hundred thousand on her image and the overwhelming onresponse to these carts was somewhat unexpected expression a scholar peter selz routeabout mold is great to postcard designs and i quote their crude and simple in tr qualitywhich made no demands on intellect or static sensibility socaptured public taste that the addition was exhausted in 10 days earning gold at twenty thousand swissfrancs and as soon as he could
he gave up his teaching child and leftfor munich to become a full-time student at beijing so that really says something about thepower up the postcard and perhaps i would argue the runawaysuccess if these cards led not only to secession in the university hours but other artists in europe and theunited states and elsewhere to really realized the potential this medium that many would go on tofound the university may have discussed their plans for
art is collaborative as early as 1900win that 8 vienna secession exhibition was held by1902 hoffman moser and the scottish designercharles rennie mackintosh were engaged by fits pandora for we seehim here on the left in his wedding photo to outfit the interiors up his villatheir daughter was a major patron up modern art and close friends withmany members at the vienna secession and he wrote on hoffman in 1902 sayingsometimes when i look over my things i think this is session was found it forme
alone on we know that his collectionincluded clint paintings sculptures by the belgianartist york mina prints but will be there it's lee andmany other secession artists arm had works that worker incorporatedin their home on in by march 1903 clearly their door for hoffman in moserhad spent a lot of time talking about their plans on for this workshops because vendor forrights mcintosh asking for his advice
on the radio to establish a metalworkshop in mcintosh replied saying if one wishes to achieve artisticsuccess in every object you release must be mostdefinitely marked by individuality beauty any at mostaccuracy it execution and while this certainly applies to themetalworking all the other objects that to be your sugar produced it also applies to the postcards ashumble as they might have appeared in theirpaper on medium now according to one version evidenceuniversity was officially born
in wanna be in his famous coffeehousesthe heinrich talk which we see here on the left the cafe was in is itintegral part viennese culture to this day there are still more cafes in vienna andyou could possibly ever experience and their popular withtourists and natives on like and it's a place where you canonly have coffee but also read the paper have a meal hey out on the writer peter out rivercity even receive his mail i'm in his most favorite coffee house onand artists and writers and politicians
all had their favorite places theirfavorite coffee houses and probably would not have strayed toofar into others from a competing brown on people were so strident intheir preferences but it is said that on your one fatefulday hoffman and moser were there chattingtheir door for joined them they were talking about this idea to maybe established this metalworkshop inverter for said okay so what will itcost in moser said well if we had five hundred crowns we know just what to do
in their door for who's very wealthy putthe money out in handed over to so puffery moserquickly than width rented an apartment your door for provides more money soonit hurts and craftsmen and they're off under way and here on these two postcards are both from that series that theuniversity would go on to produce they didn't actually began issuingpostcards until nineteen 07 and continued with just a short periodinterruption until 1920 and over the years
925 individual cards were released bythe firm on many of which do feature coffeehousesand scenes from the empire now that the in workshops asi said was founded in 1903 and it really was one of the most important outgrew its up this assertion in thecertainly did go on to champion the notion that the sunken spec just as the secession had itself and sothey've been overshadowed when onto producer only this first no workobject that we see here on the left but they establish
architectural office ultimately afashion office as well as the possibilities at making every kindaceramic textile class on bookbinding their concept was all inclusive and natedidn't feel that anything was too small or too large for their purview even their stationary monograms invoices everything wascarefully considered and was really one of the firstcompanies to provide a cohesive graphic identity that wouldcommunicate to their public there
very strong ascetic sensibility by mayhave 1903 they had registered with the vienna trade ministry as in artisan productioncooperative and at that point i should emphasizethat really part if they're cool was it wasn't just that artist but create these beautifulobjects or i should say designs for beautiful objects but they worked closely with craftsmanto ensure that these objects would be is beautifully realised as theartist had envisioned
so i'm within six months if theirfounding the realized it too small apartment they had rented was not largeenough for their grand ambitions into the move too much larger premises indiana 7th district where they wouldremain for the rest there existence until 1932 and the added workshops for all these otherareas that i had mentioned now huffington mozer with their conceptfor the workshops it's certainly been looking back to the british arts andcrafts example specifically charles robert ashbyskilled handicraft
which had been established in 1888 as away to on foster this creative a collaborativeworking environment and well in great britain many hadobjected to the rise in industrialization which lot of people size undermining therole craftsman i'm in the austro-hungarianempire to use some what's different industrializationwas not quite is widespread and the goals of thefounders at the university did not exactly
near those ashby or other similar artsand crafts workshops so well charles robert ashby homeskilled at handicraft hope to produce well made goods that could be affordableto the masses hoffman moser recognize that if you'reproducing beautifully designed and well made products you know this is going to come at aprice and in some cases a very steep price 1905 the issued working program whatthey called there they're working program we seehere different to that as well as to if
the interior spreads in the state in here parted themanifesto where they say we neither can nor will compete for those prices that is chiefly done at the workersexpense on the contrary regard it as our highest duty to return him meaning the worker to a position inwhich she can take pleasure in his labor and lead a life in keeping with humandignity on and that is something that certainlydoes distinguish them from most other similar workshops that tookplace
in the us and europe at this time in wecan even see the prominence given to the craftsman in dayton column in moser not only designed tolocal direction at the ww but also the rulesrose hallmark which will see stamped on some otherproducts he also created the monograms artists and we see some those on thesepages but also monograms for the craftsman so many pieces will not only have thelocal for the firm and the person who conceived the designbut often
the person who physically made it not inevery case but in many cases especially for the expensive items now the same year that the i'm workingprogrammers issued there was a major rifts in thismembership the secession and a group of artistscentered around clint decided they were gonna say secede from the secession partly because they had a dispute over how exhibitionswere being hung and promoted so it's quite ironic that they actually have tovacate the building that they've really
helped some establish on the members who werekinda arguing with the so-called clint group felt there is too much emphasisplaced on the decorative arts so that's quite interesting that's saying that this gets some to inspectnotion was not completely received fully by everyone that was associated with thegroup and others objected to the fact that members have the secession wereexhibiting and selling their works in commercial galleries and there weremembers at the session that thought that was in violation
the group rules it's not therephilosophy so the the the country would go on tofound to mount i should say to major art exhibitions indiana the purse wascalled the crucial being nineteen oh 8 i'm which was reallylimited to arts from the empire in 1909 they would have a kinda sisterexhibition which was the international culture being which showed arts fromthroughout europe and it was housed in temporary buildingsthat had been designed by us department erected not far from the
ring strasser they were over 50 i'mseparate rooms that were in these buildings in almost 200 artists contributed it was a very widere art that was shown so not only a gallerythat which was just the most recent paintings by gustav klimtincluding that golden portrait of adorable an hour but also sculpture printsdecorative arts art for children garden art theatrical design graphic art even a modern cemetery was evidentlythere
now the crew shelbina on exhibition infact became the first subjects have been numbered series a post cards even though they were not the firstpostcards produce these were released in 1908 the earliest postcards on data 1907 butthe series was not issue in a chronological fashion so you can't take the numbers as a wayof judging how they fall within the series so they'rerecordkeeping was a bit loosey-goosey you might say on these
postcards and is i but no hope but we'reprobably based on photographs because they were released after the show opened in june on an clearly based on the the building sites but hoffman i'mhelpful was also in architect who worked in thedecorative arts on and i think worked closely withhopping on some projects as well now as i i mentioned the on crucial beenincluded a room dedicated to the graphic art and i'm showing 1- pew that here on this was primarily posterdesign but it also included smaller
pieces and more than 100 to be never should'vepostcards were included in the space so was certainly a great way almostsimultaneous with the launch of the posters for the public to get anopportunity two cds in very elevated context and for sistar beginning poster collectionsup there own to many of the designers who had posters specifically created for the showshowing by roberto loeffler at the bottom but oskar kokoschka on
rid of cal that also created coasterspecifically to advertise the quick shout be many which still exists in museumcollections to this day and they also create postcards for theuniversity exactly the same time to speak about kokoschka i'm with the crucial vino on this youngkinda rebellious artists really gets his firstopportunity through the invitation gustav klimt to begin showing his work really on agrand least national stage
he had studied at the school of appliedarts from 1904 until 1909 taking classes in their car or a churchgoer who was one of the leading earlydesigners affiliated with the been overshadowed till he moves to hamburg in 1907 tobegin teaching at the school the tide arts they're and both are kokoschka and loeffler on contributed designed to the workshopkasha offered his first post cards in 1907buddy
also contributed broadsheets paintedfans and books and at the ninety we couldshow his book known as the troubled knob innerdreaming use was released on which really tells the quite personalstory through poetry and colored lithographs which was calledat the time a picture poem know that was describedas a children's book it really recounts the artist juvenilecrush on the sister over fellow art student nameless r&b acautious it was a love letter for me although only 500 copies were printed
up this book less than half sold incritics were not so favorable on in there descriptions and receptionto this title i'm so the title the book was held backin some years later is really swear by this point to push had a great reputation and it wascertainly far more popular on kokoschka for his work not only doesstream use but other things that he should atthis time which were more decorative was dubbed by one critic as theoverbilling or super savage because his expressive style figureswith this heavy use a black in this
woodcut style in primary colors was seen as being soradical at that period it wasn't really appreciate it for the a mid-air nitty that it represented inin many ways in kokoschka reacted to style not bybeing she grins but instead he embraced it and so we hadhis head shaved in win around for a while with the shaped head on justice or to give you some contextshaped heads at this period would really be associated with prisoners
people who are in jail so it's alsogiving some sense of how these artists were seen as really kinda beingon the fringes of society in many ways but 1809 to go she was invited to returnto the code shown he exhibited some a fifth wheel orchards on these quicklyattracted the attention architect on a close and we see his portrait by kush on the right and los was so impressed bykush his burgeoning talent that he told him you should stop wasting your talentsmaking these decorative goods and become a pager full-time and i willfight patrons for you and anyone who
doesn't agree to buy dear portrait i will purchase them bymyself for myself and in fact on in the early20th century los had the largest collection at thebush fortunes because most of the sitters thought theylooked terrible and they didn't wanna hang thesepaintings are in their houses and so that does serve show just kinda how avant-garde i'm and radical on theseworks were so ago she was certainly an deemed rebel
i'm in many ways and not just againsthow his art should be made but also in methods love how to teach and approach on the creation of his artwe know that he liked working with children whether it was street urchins are circusfigures but basically people who were untrained models who were not so careful is studied intheir poses who were more nonchalant on we know a little bit also that because he'sworking method that he did not insist
that someone stand stock still he had no problems with people movingabout sri continuing about their their life well he was there working onhis canvases it something to work directly on campuswithout even making sketches in advance so quite different approach to havemister clinton court who would forget we make hundreds %uh preparatory sketches and maybe takeyears working on some his designs so we see here in early sketch by kakashi will he stilla student
and a contemporary postcard work and wehave at least what 12 if not more he made more than 20postcard designs for the universe data and more than a dozen of them areincluded on in the exhibition and i really encourage you to take sometime to study this works which feature a wide variety of subjects so not onlyholiday cards weather is pentecost easter christmas new year type things but alsoworks that speak to the growing interest in folk art that was emerging in vienna at thistime
and we see that quite beautifully ithink in the huntsman curtain and the one at this lovely woman am out in a meadow flowersnow all a cautious postcard designs for the university tendto favor i'm figures pose in expressive on postures many of which echo about her choreography which wasemerging in the modern dance movement at this time and they certainly recall on the dances a great abuse in tall and her sistersand we see greater here on the left
tvs and soul sisters in fact debutedtheir innovative ecstatic style folk dance as it was described by somecritics at the cabaret fledermaus and i'll see more about the kaveri for amouse in a moment and because it wasn't only just a pager in a decorative artistbut he also drew expressionist place and contributed theater pieces to theflatter mouse himself on his fairy tale play called thespeckled a debut there in 1907 a second planeknown as the critters perform their 1909 so we can see that many of these r isfor working in different genres they were
limited just to one particular around1908 was a watershed year for vienna in many waysand it wasn't just that major art show but in fact as i had mentioned earlier it was the60th jubilee the importer he was seventy eight-years-old and thesame month at the crib show exhibition opens there was this massiveparade that women laundering strossen were people dressed in costumes representing the different ages andnationalities the empire paraded in front in for who you can seehere
plaintive on this daily on the right andhe it was said that he insisted on standingfor all at the hours that it took for these thousands of people to walk by him on simultaneous with the jubilee the government issued apostage stamp on that was commissioned by colemanmoser seated on the left i'm but also inconjunction with the jubilee was this wonderfulseries postcards released by the university itself andthese are among the most striking early
carts that came out of the workshops with designs by various artistsincluding the media scaling cuba on sickle you served a pic t andberthold loeffler and we have a number of these includedon in the exhibition in the first gallery you can see there's lot ofattention lavished only in capturing accurately the dress up the people who participated in theparade but as i mentioned even with those secession cards we see that the decorative order is alsoconceived to
kinda cool here with the the styleclothing but the typography changes appropriatelyas well in on the bright i'm we see the some a man in costume is very muchharking back to the pew meyer period and i should mention that for theseartists that are establishing the been averted in particular theylooked very on the back to the biedermeier which taking placejust about a hundred years prior in sol in these very classical simpleforms in many cases very unadorned an important sourceof inspiration for their work
so if you look at some it early being abirch data on products you'll notice that those clean simplelines in many ways echo peter mayer examples know i had mentioned arm that there was this wonderfulcabaret on that was founded where not onlymodern dance was performed but also its precious plays by kokoschka and others this ok nightclub was known as the cabaretfledermaus or that cabaret which seems an appropriate namefor a nightclub i'm for its parent or
for who was the financial backer up thebeer perched at its founding had commissioned hoffman in the other artists associatedwith the firm design all the interiors as well as the furniture the placesettings even the click them the clip that the hostess with where that would hand youyour ticket when you which injured so we see here on i showing the postcardview as well as the black and white photo that shows the entry or bar area of the cabaret it wasquite nice about the postcard is it
confirms that these were brightly-colored spacesin not these kind of stayed i'm conservative interiors that we mightimagine from only being able to refer to black and whitephotos on cabaret letterman's postcards were designed tonot only by use a partner in fact they are among the few postcard city actually dedicated hisconsiderable talents to but also by virtue of their who createdthem great poster on 40 could shelby but also otherartists on
promoting not only the place themselvesin the space but even some hertzberg designed tocoincide with the performances by modern dancers if you purchase an artist not onlydecide postcards on for the cabaret but they alsodesigned illustrations that would be included in deprogramming inserts and i'm showingon the right one of those designs that creative effort sameer and we do have apostcard in the exhibition upstairs which is a very
similar dancing secure so you can seethe kind echoes on in the ways that theadvertising sorta complicated itself on various levels i'm as ever dimension this cabaret was not only a place formodern dance to place but writers could calm and each on people such as gere out inbergen others for unpopular attendees and performers at the new and what's quite interestingi think is that well this was appear that modern danceand choreography was emerging many
leading figures in fact being womenironically women were just beginning to fight for opportunities have greater political rightseducational rights i'm so the arts were really one of the first places wherethey were able to kind of find their modern voice to restrictionson what women could do at this time really carried through invarious ways in women coat on you know i think by trying to see howfar they can push the envelope so while they were unable to study atuniversity in vienna
until the late 19th century it certainlymany of the leading society figures including double booked our in others postedsalons where writers politicians artists musicians all kinds of peoplewould come share conversation so this is one way that youcould sort it cope by not being able to have a formal education granted to you i'm we also know thatbecause i love the rise love industrializationeven though it was not quite as widespread impunity
there was this emerging class of wealthycollectors who wanted to outfit their home is beautifully as they could afford but they also wanted to see theirchildren educated even better than they had been so there began to be demands to allowwomen to go to get these higher degrees but alsodemands for universal suffrage so universal suffrage for men in austriawas not in acted in till nineteen 06 women received universal suffrage innineteen each and really i would say these kind ofsimultaneous rights
unmet greater opportunities foreducation open up to them as well so they first began entering theuniversity vienna in 1897 and a start setting at the controversialon undercover mimosa in 1899 and miss great photo is i'm showing the directorup the conspiracy love with some other female students wearing these wonderful reform style dresses even with thatcheckerboard style pattern which you see a lot of the universityobjects many of these young women with did go on to create designs for theworkshops
ironically i'm in the early years thatthe workshop was founded most the product offered by then even thoughthey were intended for women in many cases were designed by name i'm in 1905 theystart first producing textiles which were hand printed andpainted silks which were made in house but they soonrealized that they want me to produce is on a much larger scale in for interior projects so they startworking with you hun back housing and so and we have on display in the exhibitionnumber
really beautiful textile designs on loanfrom the wilsonian museum and i hope you'll take the timeto look at those in compare them to the textiles the postcards palin in 1910 they realize that you know this is agreat opportunity these textiles and they could begin offering fullensembles in fashion so they on promoter edward joseph zimmerthis girl who'd been working with the worship since 1906 to be the head up the fashion departmentin a
even dubbed him the architect fashion hehad studied under hoffman at the kurds cover official and was sentto kind of man there carlsberg ranchers a great oversize photo blow-up at thestart the exhibition which i hope you'll taketime to sit in greater detail this is showing a a slightly cropped view but if you lookat that lower you can see it right here is a great rates in thepost cards as well as some of the other early products on up the beer perchedand at this place then it only sold those postcards andceramics and metal works but also
allotted accessories because carlsbadwas an important spar or resort town so it's completelynatural that they would want to have things on offer here that would be appealing tothe female clients the never said it first received the taylors license inmarch 1911 and they held a fashion show it the following month in april whichfeatured dresses designed by hoffman and by the murder and critical response to these works was incredibly favorablemany critics in fact recognizing that
now with all the things that the workshopsoffered you really could have fully complete ensembles from your hat your children your shoesaccenture as i had mentioned there was designated as the architect tofashion and they even made special labels forclothes that he had designed which had that every asian for architectdimmer on hoffman who actually was the moreprolific architect by a wide degree on prefer tocounsel professor
hoffman which i think is quiteinteresting any even signed lot of the sketches with that professori'm kinda title and i think this points to the store tobuy idealistic and undercurrents which for effecting the management of theworkshops at this time that they really wanted todistinguish kinda how they they view themselvesdespite the way they actually practiced no inspiration from university fashioncame from various sources including artistic on reform clothingwhich was emerging on in vienna most particularly throughsalons like the semester including
fashions line which offered reformdresses but there were other similar boutiques i'm available but the austrians alsolook to french on quarter designs for inspiration aswell at this period many reformers argued against the corset saying that itwas poor for your health restricted your ability to move and aswomen were certainly emerging into the workplace they needed to have greaterfreedom of movement but also a new saloon was falling intofashion at this time so that height tightly pinched lost waste
on was kinda quickly falling out offavor and we can see both through illustrations center in theshow but also if you look at books on the subject that many at the university postcardsand i'm showing when here on the left my male caller directly near on photographic fashionsthat the university released in conjunction withthat fashion show and many of these early dresses are in this new on amp:here style with the
com kinda invisible waste your very highwaist very kinda tight on bodice area and inwalking through the italian style exhibition on with win to clinch we'revery taken by the fact that the audrey hepburn down on display from one piece is inexactly this type and style national so if you want to imagine whatone of those dresses look and three dimension i energy to go in kinda make thatjuxtaposition in your own mind i think what's also interesting is thatif you look at the early post originally
appeared in with the photographs in manycases the postcard sketches are far more flattering to thefigures on clearly when they first begin makingthese they come across far more like sackdresses so there is really no sense you know the feminine form in theseearly dresses that were actually turned out bythe workshops that as they get greater fluidity withmaking these in perhaps after consulting with realty hillary experts on the stylisticloading
really does begin to improve 1911 french fashion designer paul per aactually visited the city in november and he purchased a numberagain overture fabrics and also products and wouldbring these back to paris with him in this sort have sparked a slight see each shift see shift in on parisians designs that as they beginto show in austrian or viennese influence in theyears thereafter in effect for a week even establishedkinda arts and crafts workshop
known as the studio martine that was inmany ways modeled after they've been emerged today for use young female students to createon goods particularly for women so it shows that it was injured the more sophisticated parisians you'reshowing the viennese how fashion should really be done many critics in fact showed sometrepidation when they heard it for a might come with his fashion show becausehe was certainly seen as a competitor and there is a lot ofnationalistic rivalry between the french
in the austrians at this time one critic was pointing out trying tosort it boost the morale the viennese saying well the vienneseare pretty random or a buxom and parisians don't have any hips i'm so you know who'd who knows how stronglythey really took these competitive lives arm and whimper it was actually interviewed about how practicalhis fashions would be four no society woman at the day and whetheror not his unusual costumes and light colored shoeswould
would work for women who actually mighthave to go out onto the street he said the ladies i dress don't go ontothe streets so is also kinda i think im trying tosay well my women don't work these are wealthy women who you knowessentially have lunch in haiti and don't throw themselves with he'skinda concerns that you are strains are arguing about but dinner was clearly influenced piper is visit and we can see in hispostcard designs even though he was the architect apassionate headed the fashion branch
for gosh i am i think a dozen yearsbefore he comes to the united states he only releases i think it's 10postcards so perhaps he was too busy making him fashion sketches for thingsthat would be produced in actually overseeing the management at the branchbut it's a nice juxtaposition i think with one of the burkharts and you cansee this and many others by the murano in the display upstairs you can see thathe's emulating that kind of sultana typeof design hip hurray had releasedjust at this period november strength is adesigner really was in the area fashion not inarchitecture although he did work and
media to and interestingly enough evercame to the united states and 100 the art institute of chicago for a couple years between 1922 and 1924 before he decided this was really notthe place for him to be and he returns on to vienna and continueto teach their until he retired in the mid 1950s wealso know that he spent some time visiting the new york branch to be richto and there's a great photo showing 1- the interiors up that branch he was verydisheartened because everyone it hopes that this branch
in america would bring you know moremoney and recognition to the workshops but he was sad to see thatthere weren't a lot of customers milling about and things weren't selling as well as the it hoped and people werebuying large quantities of things but maybe rex only singular items andshowing here to have his on postcard designs on which areincluded in the catalog and in the show but certainly as prolific and asambitious as member was as an artists the workshopfashion bridge would not have been so successful ifthere had been many other talented
people behind it and many of thosepeople were in fact women male caller being one of the mostnotable artists who was involved with that effort she wasthe most prolific postcard designer creating more than 150 on designs to rule many in the areafashion but not exclusively in the area fashion she also do children's pushcartyour postcards holiday postcards and we have a number those on display inthe exhibition and you can see that she really lavishis a lot of interest on the this silhouette
the person and a lot of detail you knowshowing you the most the non-partisan issue and hats are reallytrying to i think obey convey to a female client which looklike if you had acquired the entire ensemble on and i think it's great tosee the photo of her dressed in a very similar way on the right summer for fashion designs we know on correspond directly to close thatwere made and survived including on the right blouse that wasprobably designed by hoffman remember in with beautiful folkstyle embroideryarm
at the neck and at this lease and therelated on postcard here on the left this was pretty the series that she did in these women dressed in the she stylesilhouettes accompanied by small very cute little dogs i'm in with these kinda splotchybackground that to me makes me think so much abouthow boger some other leading women's fashion magazine today would create these almost artisticstyle backdrops to make the clothes stand out even moreso she also created a postcard
really reflexed is a mention theinterest in beer myer fashions to these would not have been close that wouldn't necessarily on been wornto a large degree although we are aware that they wereguarded parties in other cunt special events where womenwho kinda allied themselves with the year myers et al use would order close in this peer meyerstyle even though it would have been deemed very old-fashioned at this time i'm not aware of the stress is reallycorresponded to things that they've been
averted itself made but it certainly wasspeaking to the arm prevailing interest by many there patrons at this time in on theright is one of her most humorous i think holiday postcards for new years where we see a woman inthis really elegant dress surrounded by pics various size they'rebeing fattened up on for cook i wanted to also makemention to the fact that there are many variations in thepostcards on cards would differ
sometimes not only in their size butalso in the colors that they might be printed in in this could be due to the fact thatthe workshops on collaborated with three differentpictures and the cards could be issued over a period of yearsthe holiday cards were among the most popular into would be reissued on a more regularbasis than to love those purchases i encourage that might have only beenissued one time and in addition to perhaps only hundredor a few hundred
as opposed to a thousand were a fewthousand also what's quite interesting is that often the new at the bottom onwould it here in german were in english am lindamentioned that there are cards that survive in french we don't have any ofthose in the show but it is quite interesting to see thatthey did recognize that they had a french market we do have some in the exhibition thathave i'm writing in sri lick i'm so that's i think somewhat of asurprise as well that they saw that there audience reallyextended quite far beyond the realm of
the austro-hungarian empire itself a male caller also designed series postcards devoted not only twowomen in sport which we see on the right in a few whichare included in the exhibition they're also things that were to appealto children showing girls a various age from very young toalmost teenagers playing with on different dolls and i think thisspeaks to the fact that the new woman i'm kinda as it a tight was emerging i'meven prior to women granting
have been granted for suffrage summerthe most beautiful cards that need male caller on created in that are amongthe most collectible are these oversize i'm had postcards into square-shaped on these were not intendedto be mailed but would have been something thatcollectors really try to get the entire series for and we know that the workshops even madeframes so with this simple black would profile and some as i understand it that whichis class that clips
i'm so that it could be close togetherbut there wouldn't be any frame around the card itself it could justhang on your wall so this also emphasizes the fact that at thistime these were appreciated as miniature works a bird and were also promoted directly toappeal to collectors male caller was not the only artist whowas extremely gifted in the area of women'sfashion really cards he also studied at the school of appliedarts under common and other artists who were affiliated with the workshops
and um kinda on the back at the casethat has only male caller cards we do have some really carts his designsincluding this wonderful one i'm in this beautiful pattern charmdresser jacket i'm wearing this fanciful hat liquor toonly made a number of fashion postcards but also cards relatedto carnival and paul subjects as well as holiday designs perhaps the most striking i'm syrizacards produced by maria the carts coincide with the information at thedeli ruse belarus had been established in paris in1901
nine by sir kt aga left and it towardvienna on numerous occasions including in 1912in 1913 it release party interest orientalistdesign the german magazine which point acrossyour own published in article in conjunction with the belarus coming to vienna and itvery clearly inspired not only the cards with her postcards i'm really nearing some other costumesthat were created by rail asks for those belarus on performances
but even dimmer starts making sketcheson for the workshops that that echo that kinda exotic orientalistthousand and one nights kinda folktale on aspiration i'm fashion certainly was one of themajor areas that have been a berkshire uncovered so so far we've seen you knowthings that relate directly to events for places in vienna we've seen some theholiday card to team to fashion cards so many of these were clearly gearedtoward a more feminine clientele but they also untreated humor cards and other things that are perhapssomewhat harder to quantify
but that would have had a broader baseappeal and where the artist who worked in some others other areas outside a fashion was more ateal i think he was one of the most giftedi'm in this kind of satirical style humor he had studied at the schoolapplied arts on in jim it's really really strongtalent in the area graphic design begins offering words to the universityas early as 1907 i'm specifically for cabaret fledermausin some the workshops other activities includingcharacters have some other performers
who appeared at the cabaret in your ownprovided more than 70 postcard designs for the workshops on many which as i said show thesplendid humor and satire so on the left we have one from a serieshe did all about conversation or communication and imight say miscommunication as we see these or give funnymisunderstandings that take place so i'm showing conversation between mutes but there's another really she respondsin the show in a few additional ones you
can see in the catalog and on the right issomeone from a whole series he did called variety acts which are these imaginary on bizarre variety act so herewe see it kind of genius virtuoso and embryonicstate i'm playing a violin but there are others i'm including a man who fast until hebecomes a skeleton and others use it dear double artistswho flies on a a broom like thing on and to see all officers maybe amention there's a
really great book available on in thefirst book store that has the complete run all the cardsin color you also designed a series of cards on pns cafe culture in resource inwith those at the beginning on up the talk on one of his most famousseries of cards and is the series devoted to airplanes i'myoung may have been inspired backed by thework over fellow austrian eagle air trick debuted his monoplane i'm in 1909 and it was first flown in1910 and went on to be used not only forcivilian that awesome military purposes
knows quite excited to find this photoshowing the first class students from the austro-hungarian royaland imperial or cotton cock i'm fine school which waslocated just north sorry south indian in the dinner reshoti'm so with an airplane but another certainly on probably more significant airplane arm events that took place for vienna wasthat louis blair eo the the frenchman had flown over dna in 1909and it was said that more than 300,000 people
came out to witness play areas flightsincluding the emperor himself google area even got to meet so i thinkthis hope sparked this kind of imagination for this new technological you're flying machine in thepossibilities that it could provide but it wasn't just you know on those humorous kinda imagining thingsthey were also postcards that reflect kinda daily life in the inner leisureactivities in vienna and wannabes our series that i thinkamong the most appealing is this group it a bit too
he's a better did on dedicated to theshin brings you shin bruise you had been establishedkinda buzzin imperial armour nakheel menagerie in the need eighteenth-century on and it wascreated and written for france on france's the first who was thehusband of maria teresa in very quickly it was open to thepublic and they began acquiring these exotic animals from all over the globe including an elephant polar bear andwhen they acquired their first your app's
in 1828 it sparked this mad crease foreverything giraffe inspired indiana so you seedraft fabrics arm incorporated in clothing inupholstery upholstery the even if it made you laughlike cats for women on takes place so here we see that thatkinda giraffe fascination certainly carried over eveninto the early 20th century on in fact is you remains one of themost popular tourist attractions even now no mostly been a virtualpostcards that we've looked at and that are included in theexhibition were treated actually within
a very short window of time six years in fact between 1907 whenthose first character issue in 1930 so with the outbreak of worldwar one perhaps these items in certain the otherthings that the university had been creating were deemed to be too frivolous for theseriousness up the times is one way to express it ithink also what are the things that linda and i hadindependently kinda worked out was that the cost ifthese cards so if a typical card at this
time it had only been a few cents or center or even less thesecards were probably at least in what today would be worth a dollar ormore depending on the rate of inflation when you purchased it so they were many many many more timesexpensive then the cost of a standard postcard so people would it may be thought twiceabout you're using their spare change in this way also with the outbreak ofwar tourism was drastically reduced and
you know there's no denying the factthat many of the artists and craftsmen who are employed by the workshops wereconscripted to go and fight and some of them did lose their lives onthe battlefields so specifically i can mention for thepost card designers who died during the hostilities these were being younger more its youngwhose works we just saw gustav how homer and hans com steinerall died during world war one and this is part of why women beginworking in the workshops it's not just that they now have the education and theopportunity afforded to them
that also the workshops needed people tocreate designs and help with the management up those workshops after the war indeed a kind of second very short liveseries issued 1919 1920 with designs by twowomen again students a bit because commercialfritzy lou and you can see her works on is one on the left you can see more ofthem in the catalog and hilda yessir in the exhibition is also a reallybeautiful kinda jewelry case that she designed at the same time on asthese postcards on loan from the water
sony so you can get a sense a her artisticsensibility that also held the workshops was tryingto cope in very creative ways with the lack of materials that they hadat their disposal and also the fact that their clientswould have had less money at their disposal in order to purchase their fancifuldesigns now almost all of the cards that we haveseen today in this presentation except forthose early cards
really fall within what is known as thegolden age a post card collecting which is generally accepted as extendingfrom the mid 1890s until the outbreak of world warone and these cards on as i sever humidity's cars were so popular theywere printed many times on some were judged to be so obscurethat they would not have been reprinted all and there's even one in theexhibition that it is believed was never sent to anyone because none survive with the stamp fora postmark but one person that we know
is a huge fan not only university postcard thatpostcards in general was the artist in fact here is a book that is justdedicated to the correspondence that he sent to emily if lugar that reproduces the the cards with translations inenglish in german because his handwriting can be verydifficult to read clintwood send fluker i'm sometimes many postcards in one dayon and we see here on the left a posterthat he center will she was
in paris actually attending fridge fortour shows this was the third card that he centeron october 3rd 1909 think he was missing her reallytremendously she was as close as friend his sister-in-law his muse on perhapsmore perhaps less that we know they had an extremely close relationship and when he was on his deathbed hecalled for her but when he's in this particular card he makes a joketo her saying may be alright you all day it's possible this won't be thelast in fact it wasn't he wrote her two otherones just that day alone
i'm in many of these do survive in earlymuseum collections are among the most treasured artifacts by clint time since noted hisgiro masonic his diaries survive these miniature works have art really serve both to advertise theproducts at the university created but also as an inexpensive way for theworkshops to really spread their concepts a gooddesign to a very broad in wide international audience they also provide i think a wonderful glimpse into thezeitgeist early 20th century
in demonstrating credible charms i'm upthe city but also the talents of its designersand i'm showing here in interior view up their branch on the graph in whichwas really kind like the madison avenue at the end at that period and still functions that way today foryou can see them kind of stacked up in this cigarette style it so i hope that the show in my talkmight inspire you to go and purchase a from the first on gifts store and sendthose out and not just limit your communications to your friends andfamily
only two text messages or facebook postsso really thank you very much really appreciate you